Journal: iScience
Article Title: Effect of microgravity on mammalian embryo development evaluated at the International Space Station
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108177
Figure Lengend Snippet: The quality of blastocysts developed in microgravity on the ISS (A–D) ICM and TE cells were immunostained using Nanog and Cdx2 antibodies, respectively. The blastocysts were obtained from ETCs cultured on the ground (A), artificial-1 g (B), and μ g (C, D) on the ISS. One blastocyst from μ g showing ectopic expression of NANOG (D). Nanog-positive cells (ICM) are in red, and CDX2-positive cells (TE) are in green. All images are shown by z stack, except (D). The numbers of ICM cells (red bar), TE cells (green bar), and the total cell (blue) are shown in (I). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (E–H) γ-H2A.x-positive cells and ICM cells were immunostained. Blastocysts were obtained same as above. (H) A blastocyst with ectopic expression of NANOG. Embryonic nuclei were detected using DAPI (blue). Nanog-positive cells are in red, and γ-H2A.x-positive cells are in green. (J) The rate of blastocysts with ectopic expression of NANOG was compared between 1 g control cultured in a dish (n = 135), ETC on Earth (n = 146), artificial-1 g (n = 12), and μ g (n = 9) on the ISS. (K) Principal-component analysis of expression profiles of 5 blastocysts for each of the three experimental groups, μ g, a-1 g, and ground, was analyzed by RNA-seq. No separation was observed in principa components 1 and 2. Individual blastocysts are in brown: ground; pink: artificial-1 g; and blue: μ g.
Article Snippet: The anti-CDX2 mouse monoclonal antibody (1:500; BioGenex, San Ramon, CA, USA, MU392A-UC) to detect TE cells and anti-Nanog rabbit polyclonal antibody (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab80892) to detect the ICM cells were the primary antibodies used.
Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Control, RNA Sequencing